Argument as Inquiry Essay Example for Free

Argument as Inquiry Essay Sometimes the purpose of an argument is to generate truth, which will then resonate with an audience and be persuasive, but persuasion is the by-product and not the goal (Weeblog). As a society, the importance of communication and the never ending search for truth has motivated great scholars and thinkers alike to express their ideas and values in the form of an argument. As seen from the quote above, the form of an argument not only serves a purpose in generating truth, but also in understanding perspectives and as a mode of relaying information. Truth to most is a relative term. So then how is it possible to successfully argue a truth? The book, everythings an argument provides a clear answer to this paradox, the point of argument is to discover some version of the truth, using evidence and reasonsThe aim of persuasion is to change a point of view, or to move others from conviction to action. In other words, writers or speakers argue to find some truth; they persuade when they think they already know it (Lunsford 6). Therefore, the method of presenting an argument does not necessarily mean the presenter must convince his audience, but simply provide absolute facts. As this varies from culture to culture, the response to a well argued truth can be a simple, quiet acceptance, or a heated debate. Most importantly however, is that in presenting a truth, the speaker or writer is using this argument as a mode of inquiry not only towards those that experience his argument, but towards himself as well. These personal arguments can be seen in a deep meditation or in prayer, and can also be used in a personal decision making. As a result, this purpose for an argument not only helps the speaker to understand the truths and beliefs of others in the world around him, but also increasing his ability to question himself. Understanding perspectives is a very humbling and challenging way to argue. Carl Rogers, a successful psychotherapist who founded the Rogerian argument, achieved a method which is based on finding common ground and establishing trust among those who disagree about issues, and on approaching audiences in nonthreatening ways (Lunsford 6). For that reason, the success of the argument is founded not only in trust but also on the grounds of first understanding others perspectives and principles; encouraging the opponent to genuinely listen and learn from what is said. With a foundation of truth and understanding, an argument can be valued in its ability to provide convincing evidence and information. Philosopher Aristotle provides an elegant scheme for classifying the purposes of arguments, one based on issues of time past, future, and present (Lunsford 10), also known as forensic arguments. Many lawyers, politicians, and great speakers use evidence, policies, and facts from the past to support or justify their present argument. These arguments can focus not only on scientific, religious values, but on existing ethical and cultural differences as well. There are a variety of ways that different cultures handle legal systems, and thus various ways of presenting arguments. For instance, the Muslim religion and culture disparages and scorns women who refute or defy the authority of their husbands. Whereas the cultural ideals of American society encourage women to think for themselves, and challenge their husbands often times with arguments. The ability to understand different cultures can be found in their own method of argument. Additionally, using arguments from the past can serve as a fountain of information and truth, as well provide a solid foundation and validate future arguments. Works Cited Lunsford, Andrea A., John J. Ruszkiewicz, and Keith Walters. everthings an argument. 2nd ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martins, 2001. Weeblog. Inquiry. 31 March 2003. http://theanswergrape.com/aweeblog/ archives/000971.html

Fashion in the 60s Essay -- essays research papers

Fashion in the 60's The 60's were a time of change and challenge. They brought hippies, space age, folk music, and the Beatles. Women's skirts got shorter, men's hair got longer, and everyone talked about love. The 60's was characterized by the feeling that a break with the past had been achieved. Clothes, furniture, and products all looked newer, brighter, and more fun. The swinging 60's were at their height. Women's hemlines were very short. Fashion in the 60's tended to encourage exhibitionism. Miniskirts, bold colors, and see through dresses were all geared to showing off women's bodies, and on rare occasion men's bodies. Gaudy accessories such as perspex rings and earrings and fold chain belts. For women, there were long flowing skirts in intricate cotton prints. For both sexes, Indian Kafthans, headbands, "love beads", bell and bell - bottomed hipsters were the big thing. Hipsters were unisex trousers that rested on the hips rather than the waist. A wide belt with a heavy buckle was added. The light weight ski-pants of the 50's gradually gave way to flares, bell bottoms, and loon pants, bright colors, novel materials, chunky rings, and sports cars were all part of the 60's look. In the early 60's, the teenagers world was suddenly hit by the rock- n- roll of phenomenon of the Beatles. Teens idoled rock stars and let their hair grow long and wore bright, wild colored clothes. Leather offered great opportunities for self - expression. The clothes were i...

Colorflex and Temperature Measurement in Coffee Production

Coffee industry represents the colour of roasted java as a individual value such as SCAA or HCCI colour criterion. PT. ACI uses Colorette 3b with a graduated table of 0 to 200 to stand for the colour between visible radiation into dark. This instrument can non mensurate the debasement of java colour during roasting which has a wider colour scope. This survey applied the ColorFlex that is designed with CIE criterion colour measuring by using a particular visible radiation beginning and a standard perceiver angle. The samples were measured with the standard visible radiation beginning of Daylight ( D65 ) and the normal observer angle of 100. In some instances, the colour is frequently represented as chrome values but in this survey we used the colour difference ( & A ; Delta ; E ) which was calculated from the CIEL*a*b* co-ordinate to stand for the java colour. The CIEL*a*b* is calculated with following equation. where Ten, Y, Z as the Tristimulus values ;are changeless values of 94.811, 100, and 107.3 severally matching to the light and observation angles. The co-ordinate of L* describe the degree of brightness, a* is the colour strength of ruddy ( + ) to green ( – ) , and b* describe the strength of yellow ( + ) to blue ( – ) . The & A ; Delta ; E is defined as follows. where the indexes of 2 and 1 represent the object being measured and the mention. By presuming a black organic structure as mention ( the colour values are severally close to nothing ) , the & A ; Delta ; E is merely determined by the colour of the object. Therefore, eq.5 can be written as follows. Fig. 3 presents the relationship between the & A ; Delta ; E measured by the ColorFlex with colour value provided by Collorete 3b for the same sample. The consequence indicates a additive relationship ( high value of correlativity coefficient ) between both graduated tables and hence, this ColorFlex can be applied to mensurate the colour of roasted java. The experimental information for each measuring can be illustrated in Fig. 4. The figure presents informations of detector response, grain colour, and points of three roast-degrees ( light-medium-dark ) for each measuring. The response of detectors was so processed into olfactory property forms captured at 3 min interval harmonizing to the observation clip of the colour parametric quantity. After that, the olfactory property form was analyzed to the colour and temperature informations. The same method was applied to the olfactory property form at the three critical points. The effectual detector responsewas presented as a series of an effectual electromotive force detector at t-time after it was subtracted with an initial electromotive force for a mention. In this instance, the response of each detector in the first measuring ( t=180 s ) was considered as the mention. Thecan be written as follows. PCA is a statistical method that is widely used for analysing the distribution of an experimental information. PCA is besides known as the Karhunen-Loeve or Hotelling transmutation which is one based on statistical analysis of extraneous transmutation for change overing a set of experimental informations which may incorporate of correlative variables into a set of new informations which contain of non linearly correlative variables known as chief constituent ( Personal computer ) . Personal computer on the first sequence contains the greatest variant value of the experimental information followed by the 2nd Personal computer, the 3rd, and so on. Mathematically, PCA algorithm can be solved by the method of Covariance. The algorithm is besides described in [ 15 ] [ 14 ] . The covariance matrix of an experimental information is defined as follows. where Ten is the matrix of the experimental informations with size of M x N, M is the figure of informations variable ( e.g. figure of detectors ) and N is the figure of the information, I and J are the index of the informations variable and the figure of experimental informations,is the norm of the informations for each variable,is a individual vector of the form informations containing of the M variable, andis the nothing mean informations. Based on Eq. 8, the covariance matrix of C is an extraneous matrix with size of M x M. PCA algorithm dramas to happen the characteristic root of a square matrix () and eigenvector () of the matrix, which can be described as follow. Eq. 9 can be solved by the Jacobian method. The obtained characteristic root of a square matrix represents the figure of discrepancies of informations stored in each corresponding eigenvector. The eigenvector is besides called as a characteristic vector being used to transform the observation informations. Vector Personal computer as the consequence of this transmutation can be calculated by the undermentioned equation. where I is the index of the input vector variable, J is the index of Personal computer matching to the sequence of the characteristic vector. The distribution of the experimental informations can be visualized by plotting the Personal computers on the Cartesian vector graph for either 2D or 3D. The distribution of the experimental information is visualized on the graph with the degree depending on the sum of discrepancy from the selected Personal computers. In many instances, the usage of the top of 2 or 3 Personal computers already represents more than 80 % of the discrepancy of the analyzed information, and so that the distribution have reflected the existent distribution of the informations. Fig. 5 presents the deformation of java grain colour ( a ) and roasting temperature ( B ) as map of roasting clip. The colour profile tends to travel down demoing the colour debasement from the yellow-green colour for green bean into the brownish colour for roasted bean. This alteration indicates an addition in degree of roasted java along with the length of the procedure. In add-on gives information that shows the colour alteration of a downward tendency, the chart besides provides scope of the colour values at each trying. From the consequence, it appears that the scope colour value of the grain in the early stages tends to be little for all replicates. The longer roasting clip be givening to widen the scope of colour values indicates a difference degree of adulthood of the roasted java. A similar consequence is besides performed by the profile of temperature. In the early stages, the roaster membranophone was set at the same temperature of 2000C before the java sample was inserted . The temperature will drop about 40-500C in the beginning of roasting and so easy traveling up once more as the clip of roasting occur. This is apprehensible because of the dramatic differences between roaster room temperature with the get downing java grain. At that point, the heat will be absorbed rapidly into the java grains. Although the warming component stays on but this soaking up is greater than the supply of thermal. In short, this temperature is profiled by a lessening in the initial stages so the procedure will slowly rise until it reaches a temperature of 2000C. In line with old consequences with the ascertained scope of temperature values for each sampling clip, it is seen an addition in the scope of values. This shows that even though the procedure fixes the initial conditions of roasting, uses top-quality java bean, and adjusts an equal blower gap but the ripeness of the java grains is non equal for each sampling clip among experiment reproductions. These consequence s prove that the both parametric quantity can non be used to reflect the joint degree though with homogenous stuffs. Furthermore, in existent conditions, the java grains as natural stuff in industry are obtained from providers with heterogenous for footings of quality, shelf life, wet content, and denseness. Therefore, the both parametric quantities have restriction to be used as an index of the degree of roasted java.

Hamartia in Oedipus Rex and Death of a Salesman - 834 Words

Hamartia in Oedipus Rex and Death of a Salesman Hamartia is defined as a fatal flaw leading to the downfall of a tragic hero. Aristotle defines a tragic hero to be a man â€Å"who is not completely good and just, whose misfortune is brought out not by vice or immorality, but by some error or weakness.† The three key requirements of Aristotle in regards to a tragic hero are; a high social standing, goodness or moral excellence, or error committed by the hero in unawareness or ignorance. Two quality examples of men that portray Aristotle’s idea of a tragic hero, and who also fit the three main requirements are Oedipus Rex and Willy Loman. Oedipus Rex clearly and without a doubt answers to each of the three requirements laid out by Aristotle is regards to a tragic hero. He is a man of social reputation, and possesses exceptional qualities, but is in no means perfect. It is safe to say that Oedipus’ hamartia is the cause of his own downfall. Willy Loman on the other hand is also considered to be a tragic hero. Like Oedipus, Willy goes through his life, for the most part, blindly, and never really realizes the complete truth of himself. Through his delusional personality, and his continual blindness, Willy’s hamartia is also the main cause of his downfall, where in his case, leads to his death. Through further analysis of both Oedipus Rex and Willy Loman’s tragic flaws, along with literary criticism from Aristotle’s poetics, their hamartia, which ultimately leads them to theirShow MoreRelatedThe Hamartia of Blindness in Death of a Salesman and Oedipus Rex1048 Words   |  4 PagesThe Hamartia of Blindness in Death of a Salesman and Oedipus Rex â€Å"Tragedy is an imitation not of men but of a life, an action†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Aristotle). Tragedy is not about learning of certain characters, but rather learning about life itself. The inability to confront reality is a matter that takes place both in everyday life and in both plays. 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So, for the purposes here we’ll use Aristotle’s five criteria of a tragedy: a tragic hero of noble birth, a tragic flaw or mistake, a fall from grace, a moment of remorse, and catharsisRead More Willy Loman as Tragic Hero of Death of a Salesman Essay1519 Words   |  7 PagesWilly Loman as Tragic Hero of Death of a Salesman       Willy Loman, the title character of the play, Death of Salesman, exhibits all the characteristics of a modern tragic hero. This essay will support this thesis by drawing on examples from Medea by Euripedes, Poetics by Aristotle, Oedipus Rex by Sophocles, and Shakespeares Julius Caesar, while comments by Moss, Gordon, and Nourse reinforce the thesis.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Death of Salesman, by Arthur Miller, fits the characteristics of classicRead Moreâ€Å"Aristotle’s Definition of the Tragic Hero and Irony in Tragedy† Oedipus Rex, Othello, and Death of a Salesman3217 Words   |  13 Pagesmisfortune due to some flaw of character or failure to find/some deviation from the moral and righteous path, which is referred to as the hamartia. (Myers) However, he cannot be of paramount virtue or righteousness for this would objectify him, in turn isolating him from human perceptivity and compassion though he must be of high or noble character. The hamartia at some point must be realized by the character and this experience is known as an anagnorisis; it is to be noted that the relationship betweenRead MoreThe Tragic Hero Of Oedipus Rex, And Willie Loman1204 Words   |  5 Pagesunderstand. Were there to be a completely virtuous hero with no flaws, no hamartia, as Aristotle describes it, there would be no sense of catharsis or enjoyment at watching horrible events afflict this perfect person. Conversely, if the individual was fraught with flaws, vices, and moral depravity, it would not be a tragedy; it would simply have been seen as his getting what was coming to him, karma, if you will. Although Oedipus, Othello, and Willie Loman can all be said to fall within Aristotle’sRead MoreTragedy Will Never Be The Same3193 Words   |  13 Pageswomen to the cast comes the addition of more vocal participation. Female characters in the play no longer have to rely on just expression to give off the mood that is supposed to be felt. Lastly, time can be manipulated in modern tragedies. In Death of a Salesman (which we will talk about later) the tragic hero constantly has flashbacks, which would be unavailable in Ancient Tragedies. This is usually done by the lights going black and any sound being cut showing a transition is taking place. Plot in